I have just received a new RPi 2 Model B. Yesterday I prepared a microSD card copying the three partitions of another SD card with Raspbian installed. The method was as follows:
– Partition the new microSD card with fdisk, same size except the last partition (swap) that was slightly smaller in the microSD.
– From my home computer, dd from original partition to final one:
# dd if=/dev/mmcblk0p1 of=/dev/sdb1 bs=4096 # dd if=/dev/mmcblk0p2 of=/dev/sdb2 bs=4096 # dd if=/dev/mmcblk0p3 of=/dev/sdb3 bs=4096
Raspbian was updated just before migrating the SD, so it has the last kernel and bootloader updates. uname -a reports:
Linux parpuja 3.18.5-v7+ #225 SMP PREEMPT Fri Jan 30 18:53:55 GMT 2015 armv7l GNU/Linux
Raspberry Pi 2 boots without any issue, faster than the previous model, as was expected.
Some pictures of the two models:
The only problem was the case. Since the new model has four USB slots instead of two, it does not fit into my homemade Video8 case.
I have some benchmarks made to compare the two models. I found some precompiled benchmarks for RPi ARM A6 here (thanks Roy Longbottom): http://www.roylongbottom.org.uk/Raspberry%20Pi%20Benchmarks.htm
Compiling the benchmarks from source code is not trivial because they include some assembler code for x86. Roy has source code adapted for ARM in his page.
The benchmarks are:
- busspeed
- dhrystone
- linkpack
- liverloops
- memspeed
- whetstone
The two models compared are:
| Raspberry Pi B 2011.12 512MB | Raspberry Pi 2 Model B V1.1 2014 |
Benchmarks
######################################################## Linpack Double Precision Unrolled Benchmark n @ 100 Optimisation Opt 3 32 Bit, Thu Feb 5 11:17:03 2015 Speed 41.37 MFLOPS Numeric results were as expected ########################################################
######################################################## Linpack Double Precision Unrolled Benchmark n @ 100 Optimisation Opt 3 32 Bit, Tue Feb 10 12:54:23 2015 Speed 119.02 MFLOPS Numeric results were as expected ######################################################## SYSTEM INFORMATION From File /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l) BogoMIPS : 57.60 Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xc07 CPU revision : 5 processor : 1 model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l) BogoMIPS : 57.60 Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xc07 CPU revision : 5 processor : 2 model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l) BogoMIPS : 57.60 Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xc07 CPU revision : 5 processor : 3 model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l) BogoMIPS : 57.60 Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xc07 CPU revision : 5
Busspeed |
|
#####################################################
BusSpeed 32 Bit V1.1 Thu Feb 5 11:17:24 2015
Reading Speed 4 Byte Words in MBytes/Second
Memory Inc32 Inc16 Inc8 Inc4 Inc2 Read
KBytes Words Words Words Words Words All
16 290 284 581 984 1044 1185
32 133 106 121 121 225 426
64 84 73 87 93 170 341
128 53 51 48 62 109 249
256 34 37 32 43 86 177
512 31 32 31 42 84 173
1024 31 34 32 45 84 183
4096 32 32 32 43 87 190
16384 32 34 34 41 83 176
65536 31 32 33 44 83 176
End of test Thu Feb 5 11:17:36 2015
SYSTEM INFORMATION
From File /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
model name : ARMv6-compatible processor rev 7 (v6l)
BogoMIPS : 2.00
Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp java tls
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant : 0x0
CPU part : 0xb76
CPU revision : 7
Hardware : BCM2708
Revision : 000f
Serial : 0000000022401f90
|
#####################################################
BusSpeed 32 Bit V1.1 Tue Feb 10 12:51:46 2015
Reading Speed 4 Byte Words in MBytes/Second
Memory Inc32 Inc16 Inc8 Inc4 Inc2 Read
KBytes Words Words Words Words Words All
16 511 533 1333 1777 1706 1750
32 1023 984 1163 1422 1638 1706
64 426 409 761 1092 1365 1365
128 372 393 682 1137 1638 1300
256 213 232 426 758 1191 1094
512 148 146 292 546 910 730
1024 78 85 171 335 662 440
4096 68 76 146 305 629 322
16384 67 74 149 290 645 335
65536 69 74 148 296 592 353
End of test Tue Feb 10 12:51:57 2015
SYSTEM INFORMATION
From File /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l)
BogoMIPS : 38.40
Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt
vfpd32 lpae evtstrm
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant : 0x0
CPU part : 0xc07
CPU revision : 5
processor : 1
model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l)
BogoMIPS : 38.40
Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt
vfpd32 lpae evtstrm
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant : 0x0
CPU part : 0xc07
CPU revision : 5
processor : 2
model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l)
BogoMIPS : 38.40
Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt
vfpd32 lpae evtstrm
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant : 0x0
CPU part : 0xc07
CPU revision : 5
processor : 3
model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l)
BogoMIPS : 38.40
Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt
vfpd32 lpae evtstrm
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant : 0x0
CPU part : 0xc07
CPU revision : 5
|
Dhrystone |
|
##################################################### Dhrystone Benchmark 2.1 Opt 3 32 Bit, Thu Feb 5 11:13:07 2015 Nanoseconds one Dhrystone run: 675.00 Dhrystones per Second: 1481481 VAX MIPS rating = 843.19 Numeric results were correct ##################################################### |
##################################################### Dhrystone Benchmark 2.1 Opt 3 32 Bit, Tue Feb 10 12:52:43 2015 Nanoseconds one Dhrystone run: 368.75 Dhrystones per Second: 2711864 VAX MIPS rating = 1543.46 Numeric results were correct ##################################################### SYSTEM INFORMATION From File /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l) BogoMIPS : 57.60 Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xc07 CPU revision : 5 processor : 1 model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l) BogoMIPS : 57.60 Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xc07 CPU revision : 5 processor : 2 model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l) BogoMIPS : 57.60 Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xc07 CPU revision : 5 processor : 3 model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l) BogoMIPS : 57.60 Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xc07 CPU revision : 5 |
Linpack |
|
Livermore Loops |
|
##################################################### Livermore Loops Benchmark Opt 3 32 Bit via C/C++ Thu Feb 5 11:17:50 2015 MFLOPS for 24 loops 64.3 79.3 128.8 145.0 22.9 29.0 106.7 125.8 89.9 37.6 30.8 24.2 21.9 19.2 60.6 58.8 80.6 62.3 73.9 46.6 30.0 22.4 69.0 29.4 Overall Ratings Maximum Average Geomean Harmean Minimum 148.3 64.5 55.0 46.8 19.2 Numeric results were as expected ######################################################## |
##################################################### Livermore Loops Benchmark Opt 3 32 Bit via C/C++ Tue Feb 10 12:52:47 2015 MFLOPS for 24 loops 113.9 129.1 221.3 203.4 84.5 91.3 195.8 246.4 155.2 136.9 74.2 63.6 62.6 70.2 125.9 125.2 196.3 153.0 132.6 116.2 77.3 41.6 161.2 89.0 Overall Ratings Maximum Average Geomean Harmean Minimum 246.5 125.7 114.7 103.8 41.5 Numeric results were as expected ######################################################## SYSTEM INFORMATION From File /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l) BogoMIPS : 57.60 Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xc07 CPU revision : 5 processor : 1 model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l) BogoMIPS : 57.60 Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xc07 CPU revision : 5 processor : 2 model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l) BogoMIPS : 57.60 Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xc07 CPU revision : 5 processor : 3 model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l) BogoMIPS : 57.60 Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xc07 CPU revision : 5 |
MemSpeed |
|
#####################################################
Memory Reading Speed Test 32 Bit Version 4 by Roy Longbottom
Start of test Thu Feb 5 11:19:32 2015
Memory x[m]=x[m]+s*y[m] Int+ x[m]=x[m]+y[m] x[m]=y[m]
KBytes Dble Sngl Int32 Dble Sngl Int32 Dble Sngl Int32
Used MB/S MB/S MB/S MB/S MB/S MB/S MB/S MB/S MB/S
8 568 602 853 639 731 1094 1122 465 653
16 538 602 787 602 682 1023 1142 533 727
32 301 269 319 292 269 353 984 511 571
64 243 213 238 232 217 255 341 269 301
128 182 167 182 176 165 189 284 243 243
256 142 131 142 136 131 148 146 128 134
512 140 131 142 136 131 148 121 113 119
1024 138 129 140 136 131 146 121 108 113
2048 140 129 140 136 131 146 128 111 119
4096 140 129 142 136 131 146 124 111 116
8192 140 131 140 136 131 146 122 111 117
|
#####################################################
Memory Reading Speed Test 32 Bit Version 4 by Roy Longbottom
Start of test Tue Feb 10 12:54:25 2015
Memory x[m]=x[m]+s*y[m] Int+ x[m]=x[m]+y[m] x[m]=y[m]
KBytes Dble Sngl Int32 Dble Sngl Int32 Dble Sngl Int32
Used MB/S MB/S MB/S MB/S MB/S MB/S MB/S MB/S MB/S
8 1024 1333 1142 2133 1406 1523 2666 1666 1523
16 1023 1306 1185 2133 1406 1523 2461 1641 1523
32 1023 1185 1094 1777 1333 1333 1939 1454 1422
64 930 1094 1067 1662 1142 1230 1422 1333 1333
128 930 1067 985 1524 1094 1142 1142 1333 1333
256 930 1016 986 1525 1094 1186 1142 1454 1334
512 538 639 568 682 682 639 986 728 728
1024 393 512 393 465 512 445 891 496 537
2048 310 445 320 353 445 341 895 460 496
4096 310 445 310 353 445 330 904 511 465
8192 297 427 307 338 446 338 906 491 491
SYSTEM INFORMATION
From File /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l)
BogoMIPS : 57.60
Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant : 0x0
CPU part : 0xc07
CPU revision : 5
processor : 1
model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l)
BogoMIPS : 57.60
Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant : 0x0
CPU part : 0xc07
CPU revision : 5
processor : 2
model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l)
BogoMIPS : 57.60
Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant : 0x0
CPU part : 0xc07
CPU revision : 5
processor : 3
model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l)
BogoMIPS : 57.60
Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant : 0x0
CPU part : 0xc07
CPU revision : 5
|
Whetstone |
|
############################################## Whetstone Single Precision C Benchmark Opt 3 32 Bit, Thu Feb 5 11:12:19 2015 Loop content Result MFLOPS MOPS Seconds N1 floating point -1.12475013732910156 97.087 0.053 N2 floating point -1.12274742126464844 100.053 0.360 N3 if then else 1.00000000000000000 693.450 0.040 N4 fixed point 12.00000000000000000 422.100 0.200 N5 sin,cos etc. 0.49911010265350342 5.822 3.830 N6 floating point 0.99999982118606567 85.035 1.700 N7 assignments 3.00000000000000000 550.293 0.090 N8 exp,sqrt etc. 0.75110864639282227 2.694 3.700 MWIPS 268.726 9.973 |
############################################## Whetstone Single Precision C Benchmark Opt 3 32 Bit, Tue Feb 10 12:57:53 2015 Loop content Result MFLOPS MOPS Seconds N1 floating point -1.12475013732910156 247.727 0.041 N2 floating point -1.12274742126464844 263.324 0.270 N3 if then else 1.00000000000000000 1368.787 0.040 N4 fixed point 12.00000000000000000 1110.900 0.150 N5 sin,cos etc. 0.49911010265350342 10.259 4.290 N6 floating point 0.99999982118606567 224.679 1.270 N7 assignments 3.00000000000000000 888.720 0.110 N8 exp,sqrt etc. 0.75110864639282227 5.165 3.810 MWIPS 530.007 9.981 SYSTEM INFORMATION From File /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l) BogoMIPS : 38.40 Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xc07 CPU revision : 5 processor : 1 model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l) BogoMIPS : 38.40 Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xc07 CPU revision : 5 processor : 2 model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l) BogoMIPS : 38.40 Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xc07 CPU revision : 5 processor : 3 model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l) BogoMIPS : 38.40 Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xc07 CPU revision : 5 |
I have ommited system information for tests after the first one for the old model, but not for Model 2. The first difference you can find is the four cores in model B, with an A7 architecture. In the original RPi, the cpuinfo declares 2 BogoMIPS, while in the new one each one is displayed with 57.60 BogoMIPS and sometimes less, 38.40. It has to be due to the frequency, that can vary between 600 and 900MHz. Maybe I shoud repeat the tests forcing 900MHz to optimize for performance. That’s why I left system information, so bogomips can be found for each test.
As can be seen, results are much better for the new model (2-3 times faster, depending on the test), and must be taken into account that the code has been compiled for A6 architecture, and that the tests are designed for one core, so the difference has to be due to the frequency, the new architecture and the improved bus and memory speed (3-4 times faster).
Please leave any comment if you have any additional data or interpretation. Further study and analysis of results are needed, of course.
electric-safari 